Blender Git Loki

Industry Compat keymap: Fix paint mode context menus

UI: tweaks to the brush Stroke panel

- Make sure the spacing controls are together
- Add separators around the dash controls

UI: Brush Settings overhaul

This makes a number of changes to the tool settings brush UI:

- All brush-related controls are now grouped together, so you can see which items are brush settings are which are not. Previously it was all jumbled together.
- The brush picker is in a separate panel, so that you can switch brushes without worrying about the settings, or vice versa.
- Custom Icon settings moved from the Display settings(now known as Cursor) to the Brushes panel.
- UnifiedPaintSettings panels are removed and the contained options are now next to their relevant setting with a globe icon toggle. This is not displayed in the header.
- 2D Falloff and Absolute Jitter toggles were changed into enums, to make it clearer what happens when they are on or off.
- Adjust Strength for Spacing option was in the Options panel in some modes, but in the Stroke panel in others. It is now always under Stroke.
- Display (now Cursor) panel was reorganized, settings renamed.
- 2-option enums are annoying as a drop-down menu, so they are now drawn with expand=True.
- Smooth Stroke and Stabilizer options in grease pencil and other paint modes are now both called "Stabilize Stroke", for consistency and clarity.
- De-duplicated some drawing code between various painting modes' brush options. I tried to keep de-duplication reasonable and easy to follow.
- A few more tweaks - see D5928 for the extensive list.

Most of the patch is written by Demeter Dzadik, with some additions by myself

Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D5928
Reviewers: Pablo Dobarro, Bastien Montagne, Matias Mendiola

Industry Compat keymap: Add support for the context menu PC keyboard key

Industry Compat keymap: Fix issue in UV editor Box Select tool

Shift-dragging with the Box Select tool would also select the nearest point.

Using a Click instead of Press event for selection (just like the default keymap) fixes this.

USD: on Apple disable USD if library cannot be found

When building with `WITH_USD=ON` on Apple but the USD library cannot be
found, the CMake script now just sets `WITH_USD=OFF`.

Fix T72412: Weld Modifier: Merged edges not displayed in wireframe

Fix T72409: Remove references to Unified use_pressure_size and use_pressure_strength

This was causing errors to show in the terminal.

Reviewed By: campbellbarton

Maniphest Tasks: T72409

Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D6407

USD: Simplified unit test and made it work on Windows as well

USD: disabled unit test that fails on the buildbot

I can't fix this quickly right now, so I'd rather drop the entire test
for now.

Image Editor: Increase size of Add Tile popup

USD: more efficient mesh & curve writing

- The default value of USD attributes is now only set on the first sample.
Previously this was done for every sample (so the final default was the
last value, rather than the first value).
- More use of the sparse value writer, now also for UV coordinates, mesh
normals, and curve points.

USD: Remove file created in unit test after the test is done

No functional changes in the USD exporter, just some cleanup code added
to the unit test.

Cycles: Fix compilation of the Render Graph test

Gizmo: add gizmos for UV transform translate/rotate/scale

USD: Introducing a simple USD Exporter

This commit introduces the first version of an exporter to Pixar's
Universal Scene Description (USD) format.

Reviewed By: sergey, LazyDodo

Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D6287

- The USD libraries are built by `make deps`, but not yet built by
install_deps.sh.
- Only experimental support for instancing; by default all duplicated
objects are made real in the USD file. This is fine for exporting a
linked-in posed character, not so much for thousands of pebbles etc.
- The way materials and UV coordinates and Normals are exported is going
to change soon.
- This patch contains LazyDodo's fixes for building on Windows in D5359.

== Meshes ==

USD seems to support neither per-material nor per-face-group
double-sidedness, so we just use the flag from the first non-empty
material slot. If there is no material we default to double-sidedness.

Each UV map is stored on the mesh in a separate primvar. Materials can
refer to these UV maps, but this is not yet exported by Blender. The
primvar name is the same as the UV Map name. This is to allow the
standard name "st" for texture coordinates by naming the UV Map as such,
without having to guess which UV Map is the "standard" one.

Face-varying mesh normals are written to USD. When the mesh has custom
loop normals those are written. Otherwise the poly flag `ME_SMOOTH` is
inspected to determine the normals.

The UV maps and mesh normals take up a significant amount of space, so
exporting them is optional. They're still enabled by default, though.
For comparison: a shot of Spring (03_035_A) is 1.2 GiB when exported
with UVs and normals, and 262 MiB without. We probably have room for
optimisation of written UVs and normals.

The mesh subdivision scheme isn't using the default value 'Catmull
Clark', but uses 'None', indicating we're exporting a polygonal mesh.
This is necessary for USD to understand our normals; otherwise the mesh
is always rendered smooth. In the future we may want to expose this
choice of subdivision scheme to the user, or auto-detect it when we
actually support exporting pre-subdivision meshes.

A possible optimisation could be to inspect whether all polygons are
smooth or flat, and mark the USD mesh as such. This can be added when
needed.

== Animation ==

Mesh and transform animation are now written when passing
`animation=True` to the export operator. There is no inspection of
whether an object is actually animated or not; USD can handle
deduplication of static values for us.

The administration of which timecode to use for the export is left to
the file-format-specific concrete subclasses of
`AbstractHierarchyIterator`; the abstract iterator itself doesn't know
anything about the passage of time. This will allow subclasses for the
frame-based USD format and time-based Alembic format.

== Support for simple preview materials ==

Very simple versions of the materials are now exported, using only the
viewport diffuse RGB, metallic, and roughness.

When there are multiple materials, the mesh faces are stored as geometry
subset and each material is assigned to the appropriate subset. If there
is only one material this is skipped.

The first material if any) is always applied to the mesh itself
(regardless of the existence of geometry subsets), because the Hydra
viewport doesn't support materials on subsets. See
https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/USD/issues/542 for more info.

Note that the geometry subsets are not yet time-sampled, so it may break
when an animated mesh changes topology.

Materials are exported as a flat list under a top-level '/_materials'
namespace. This inhibits instancing of the objects using those
materials, so this is subject to change.

== Hair ==

Only the parent strands are exported, and only with a constant colour.
No UV coordinates, no information about the normals.

== Camera ==

Only perspective cameras are supported for now.

== Particles ==

Particles are only written when they are alive, which means that they
are always visible (there is currently no code that deals with marking
them as invisible outside their lifespan).

Particle-system-instanced objects are exported by suffixing the object
name with the particle's persistent ID, giving each particle XForm a
unique name.

== Instancing/referencing ==

This exporter has experimental support for instancing/referencing.

Dupli-object meshes are now written to USD as references to the original
mesh. This is still very limited in correctness, as there are issues
referencing to materials from a referenced mesh.

I am still committing this, as it gives us a place to start when
continuing the quest for proper instancing in USD.

== Lights ==

USD does not directly support spot lights, so those aren't exported yet.
It's possible to add this in the future via the UsdLuxShapingAPI. The
units used for the light intensity are also still a bit of a mystery.

== Fluid vertex velocities ==

Currently only fluid simulations (not meshes in general) have explicit
vertex velocities. This is the most important case for exporting
velocities, though, as the baked mesh changes topology all the time, and
thus computing the velocities at import time in a post-processing step
is hard.

== The Building Process ==

- USD is built as monolithic library, instead of 25 smaller libraries.
We were linking all of them as 'whole archive' anyway, so this doesn't
affect the final file size. It does, however, make life easier with
respect to linking order, and handling upstream changes.
- The JSON files required by USD are installed into datafiles/usd; they
are required on every platform. Set the `PXR_PATH_DEBUG` to any value
to have the USD library print the paths it uses to find those files.
- USD is patched so that it finds the aforementioned JSON files in a path
that we pass to it from Blender.
- USD is patched to have a `PXR_BUILD_USD_TOOLS` CMake option to disable
building the tools in its `bin` directory. This is sent as a pull
request at https://github.com/PixarAnimationStudios/USD/pull/1048

Gizmo: fix button 2D hotspot size

Happened when used in 2D view.

Cleanup: unused function, spelling

Cleanup: clang-format

Add support for tiled images and the UDIM naming scheme

This patch contains the work that I did during my week at the Code Quest - adding support for tiled images to Blender.

With this patch, images now contain a list of tiles. By default, this just contains one tile, but if the source type is set to Tiled, the user can add additional tiles. When acquiring an ImBuf, the tile to be loaded is specified in the ImageUser.
Therefore, code that is not yet aware of tiles will just access the default tile as usual.

The filenames of the additional tiles are derived from the original filename according to the UDIM naming scheme - the filename contains an index that is calculated as (1001 + 10*<y coordinate of the tile> + <x coordinate of the tile>), where the x coordinate never goes above 9.
Internally, the various tiles are stored in a cache just like sequences. When acquired for the first time, the code will try to load the corresponding file from disk. Alternatively, a new operator can be used to initialize the tile similar to the New Image operator.

The following features are supported so far:
- Automatic detection and loading of all tiles when opening the first tile (1001)
- Saving all tiles
- Adding and removing tiles
- Filling tiles with generated images
- Drawing all tiles in the Image Editor
- Viewing a tiled grid even if no image is selected
- Rendering tiled images in Eevee
- Rendering tiled images in Cycles (in SVM mode)
- Automatically skipping loading of unused tiles in Cycles
- 2D texture painting (also across tiles)
- 3D texture painting (also across tiles, only limitation: individual faces can not cross tile borders)
- Assigning custom labels to individual tiles (drawn in the Image Editor instead of the ID)
- Different resolutions between tiles

There still are some missing features that will be added later (see T72390):
- Workbench engine support
- Packing/Unpacking support
- Baking support
- Cycles OSL support
- many other Blender features that rely on images

Thanks to Brecht for the review and to all who tested the intermediate versions!

Differential Revision: https://developer.blender.org/D3509